【錯誤】網傳「法扶基金會案件第1名是幫詐欺犯,85%預算用在加害者身上」? | 台灣事實查核中心

by 透視報導編輯


背景

近期網路訊息引用媒體人張禹宣臉書貼文,宣稱法律扶助基金會(法扶)案件數第1名是詐欺犯,其次是傷害、毒品、竊盜、洗錢,這些就佔法扶案件的半數,是用人民納稅錢幫罪犯打官司。

另外也流傳談話節目「關鍵時刻」內容,聲稱法扶1年編15億預算,只有15%用在被害者身上,其餘85%是幫加害者找律師。

以上兩種說法分別在網路流傳,也有一些傳言版本是綜合兩種說法;不論哪種說法均有媒體跟進報導。


圖1:網傳「法扶第1名案件是詐欺犯」訊息擷圖


圖2:網傳「法扶85%預算用在加害人身上」訊息擷圖

查核

事件背景:法扶基金會為司法院捐助的財團法人,為弱勢族群提供法律協助

法律扶助基金會(法扶)依據《法律扶助法》,於2004年成立至今。主要針對經濟弱勢、或其他原因無法受到法律保護者,提供法律諮詢、律師訴訟等服務。

法扶經費主要來自司法院捐助,還有少部分民間捐款,近期政府每年預算約編列15、16億。

查核點一:法扶案件第1名是詐欺犯嗎?

錯誤訊息,最多的是協助民眾還債案件

(一)網傳「法扶第1名案件是詐欺犯」訊息,來自媒體人張禹宣臉書12月13日貼文。文章宣稱根據「法扶112年決算報告」,26171扶助案件中,第1名是詐欺犯(5684件),其次是傷害犯、毒品犯、竊盜犯、洗錢犯,前5項案件就佔半數。

實際檢視法扶官網「112年決算報告」,發現媒體人所說僅是「刑事案件」部分,還有民事、家事、少年、行政等類別都沒算入,而刑事案件佔全體案件的47.36%,無法代表整體情況。

依據決算書報告,法扶2023年全部案件為55261件,第1名案件是消費者債務清理(18.35%),其次才是詐欺相關案件(10.29%)。而前5名案件中,民事案件就佔2項,跟網傳聲稱都是刑事犯罪並不相同(參考圖3)。


圖3: 2023年法扶案件前5名/事實查核中心製表

(二)法扶基金會受訪表示,法扶案件第1名不是詐欺,而是協助民眾還債,包括卡債族的銀行欠款,或者親友、地下錢莊借貸等,利用法院調解程序,幫助背債民眾重建生活。網傳的法扶前5名案件,只是刑案件的排名,不是整體案件輪廓(參考圖4)。

法扶基金會解釋,大家在意的「詐欺背信」案件,其中有53%是因心智障礙、原住民身分的強制辯護案件,另外則是因經濟弱勢而給予協助的案件,也有包含被害人在內,不是外界所認為,法扶都在幫詐欺犯打官司。


圖4: 2023年法扶各類案件前5名/來源:2023年法扶基金會年報

查核點二:法扶85%預算用在加害人身上?

錯誤訊息,協助經濟弱勢案件約48%

(一)網傳「法扶85%預算用在加害人身上」訊息,經查來自電視談話節目「關鍵時刻」12月11日播出節目39:3944:59處)。主持人劉寶傑與來賓張禹宣表示,政府1年給法扶15億,並引用2022年報導,聲稱只有15%用在被害人身上,其他85%都在幫助加害人。

節目引用的報導,是2022年國民黨立委李德維在立院質詢,表示法扶案件1年有2萬6千件,只有3800件用在被害人,比例連15%都不到;該質詢紀錄可在立法院公報p.250找到。

(二)法扶基金會表示,媒體節目出現的15%等說法,是2021年「刑事案件」的數據,不是整體案件,法扶資源主要用在協助經濟弱勢,以及強制辯護兩大部分,網傳「85%預算用在加害者身上」是錯誤訊息。

法扶指出,以2023年來說,刑事案件有26171件,約佔總體案件46%(參考圖5),而刑事案件中有3997件是協助被害者,約佔刑案類別的15%。被害者案件的確少於加害者,原因是這些加害者(被告)案件,很多是來自法院轉介的強制辯護與強制輔佐案件,如果沒有強制辯護,法院就無法進行訴訟程序。此外法扶也處理很多毒品案,占刑案類別比例很高,但毒品犯都是被告,不是被害人(原告)。

法扶案件中還有民事、家事類別,兩者合計約48%,這些也都不是加害人案件。民事案件雖然有原告、被告,但是因為民眾有糾紛而互相提告,跟刑事犯罪不同,無法區分成加害者與被害者。


圖5: 2023年法扶各類案件比例/來源:2023年法扶基金會年報

法扶說明,在刑事案件當中,被害者(原告)一方是由檢察官代表,另一方是加害人(被告)。但有些案件,例如最輕本刑3年以上案件,或者身心障礙、原住民、少年、低收入戶等身分,法院必須指定律師替加害人(被告)辯護,否則程序無法進行。目前法院雖然有公設辯護人與義務律師,但還是無法負擔龐大案量,因此這類強制辯護案件會轉由法扶接手。

以2023年來說,強制辯護、輔佐案件約有34%,佔據刑事案件的多數,而另有48%案件都是協助經濟弱勢(參考圖6)。


圖6: 2023年法扶案件分析/來源:2023年法扶基金會年報(藍字說明為查核中心所加)

(三)犯罪被害人保護協會副執行長蕭逸民說明,法律扶助(Legal Aid)被視為保障人權的重要機制,因此國家成立法扶基金會、犯罪被害人保護協會兩個組織,提供法律資源協助。法扶是針對經濟弱勢、身心障礙者,而犯保協會是針對遭受死亡、重傷、性侵等的被害人或家屬。

蕭逸民說,法扶擁有龐大律師群,犯保協會受理被害人案件後,都會尋求法扶支援律師,因此法扶長期都有協助受害者。而法扶有些案件,因為礙於不符經濟弱勢等原因,也會轉到犯保協會處理。兩方機構目前互相支援,提供弱勢民眾法律服務。

(記者:許雲凱;責任編輯:陳偉婷)


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